What is ICD-10 code D61.1?

D61.1 is the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code for Drug-induced aplastic anemia. A serious condition where medications or drugs cause the bone marrow to stop producing blood cells. D61.1 is a billable code, meaning it can be reported on a claim as a primary or secondary diagnosis when supported by documentation. D61.1 is part of the FY2026 ICD-10-CM code set published by the CMS National Center for Health Statistics and used on Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial claims in the United States.

Yes. D61.1 is a billable ICD-10-CM code that can be reported on professional and institutional claims as a primary or secondary diagnosis when the provider documentation supports the specific condition described. Billable codes in ICD-10-CM are coded to the highest level of specificity available for the documented diagnosis. D61.1 is current for fiscal year 2026 and remains in the active CMS ICD-10-CM code set published by the National Center for Health Statistics.

What is the V28 vs V24 difference for D61.1?

CMS phased in the V28 risk adjustment model over payment years 2024 (33%), 2025 (67%), and 2026 (100%), replacing V24. V28 consolidates HCC categories, removes some lower-acuity conditions, and recalibrates RAF weights across the entire model. D61.1 was a payment HCC under V24 (Severe Hematological Disorders) but the V28 recalibration removed it from the risk adjustment model. Both models can still appear in legacy data and in payer-specific lookback periods.

What should coders know when reporting D61.1?

Document the specific drug or medication causing the aplastic anemia; link the temporal relationship between drug exposure and symptom onset Include the drug name in the medical record and consider using an additional code for the adverse effect if applicable Because D61.1 maps to a payment HCC, the documentation must also satisfy MEAT criteria (Monitor, Evaluate, Assess, or Treat) for the encounter to count toward the patient's risk adjustment score.

D61.1 ICD-10 Code: Drug-induced aplastic anemia

ICD-10-CM Code View

HCC Buddy Code Card

Digital ICD-10 code-book layout with official code detail, always-visible risk models, Code Trumping, and Buddy coding guidance.

Code lookupD61.1Effective periodFY2026 Apr Update (Apr 1-Sep 30)

FY 2026 Apr update / Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (D50-D89) / Aplastic and other anemias and other bone marrow failure syndromes (D60-D64)

D61.1

Billable / SpecificICD-10-CMOfficial ICD-10-CMCodebook guidance

Drug-induced aplastic anemia

A serious condition where medications or drugs cause the bone marrow to stop producing blood cells.

Buddy Insight

CMS-HCC V28

Not risk-adjusted for this model/period.

RAF 0

CMS-HCC V24

Mapped

HCC 46

Severe Hematological Disorders

RAF 0.666

ACA/HHS

Not risk-adjusted for this model/period.

RAF 0

ESRD/PACE

Mapped

HCC 46

Severe Hematological Disorders

RAF 0.0

RXHCC

Mapped

HCC 96

Hemolytic and Aplastic Anemias

RAF 0.0

Code Trumping

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Code Book Path

Official

D61Other aplastic anemias and other bone marrow failure syndromes

D61.1Drug-induced aplastic anemia

Inclusion Terms

Official

ICD-10-CM does not list inclusion terms for D61.1 in this effective period.

Excludes 2

Official

neutropenia (D70.-)

Related Child Codes

Official

D61.0Constitutional aplastic anemia

D61.2Aplastic anemia due to other external agents

D61.3Idiopathic aplastic anemia

D61.8Other specified aplastic anemias and other bone marrow failure syndromes

D61.9Aplastic anemia, unspecified

Includes

Official

ICD-10-CM does not list Includes notes for D61.1 in this effective period.

Excludes 1

Official

ICD-10-CM does not list Excludes 1 notes for D61.1 in this effective period.

Code First

Official

ICD-10-CM does not list Code First sequencing instructions for D61.1 in this effective period.

Use Additional

Official

code for adverse effect, if applicable, to identify drug (T36-T50 with fifth or sixth character 5)

Code Also

Official

ICD-10-CM does not list Code Also instructions for D61.1 in this effective period.

Buddy Documentation Tip

HCC Buddy guidance

Document the specific causative drug by name with clear temporal relationship between drug exposure and aplastic anemia onset.

Record complete blood count showing pancytopenia and bone marrow biopsy demonstrating hypocellularity.

Include the severity classification (moderate, severe, or very severe aplastic anemia based on absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, and reticulocyte count).

Document treatment with drug discontinuation, immunosuppressive therapy, supportive transfusions, or stem cell transplant.

MEAT Support

HCC Buddy guidance

Document the specific causative drug by name with clear temporal relationship between drug exposure and aplastic anemia onset.

Record complete blood count showing pancytopenia and bone marrow biopsy demonstrating hypocellularity.

Include the severity classification (moderate, severe, or very severe aplastic anemia based on absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, and reticulocyte count).

Document treatment with drug discontinuation, immunosuppressive therapy, supportive transfusions, or stem cell transplant.

Audit Caution

HCC Buddy guidance

Always pair this code with the appropriate external cause code identifying the responsible drug -

the code is incomplete without it. Distinguish drug-induced aplastic anemia (bone marrow failure) from drug-induced isolated cytopenias (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia alone). Document the severity using Camitta criteria, as this guides treatment decisions between immunosuppressive therapy and stem cell transplant. The condition may persist after drug discontinuation due to immune-mediated stem cell destruction.

Common Mistakes

HCC Buddy guidance

D61.810 (Antineoplastic chemotherapy induced pancytopenia) is more specific when chemotherapy is the cause.

D61.811 (Other drug-induced pancytopenia) addresses pancytopenia specifically rather than aplastic anemia.

D61.2 (Aplastic anemia due to other external agents) covers non-drug causes like radiation or chemicals.

D61.3 (Idiopathic aplastic anemia) is used when no cause is identified.

Last updated: FY2026 ICD-10-CM Apr update, Apr 1, 2026 through Sep 30, 2026. CMS-HCC V28 is 100% phased in for payment year 2026.

Is D61.1 an HCC code?

Yes. D61.1 maps to Severe Hematological Disorders under the V24 model but is not retained in V28.

HCC Category Mapping

V24HCC 46, Severe Hematological Disorders

0.666

ESRDHCC 46, Severe Hematological Disorders

0.000

RxHCCHCC 96, Hemolytic and Aplastic Anemias

0.000

RAF weights shown are the community, non-dual, aged base weights from the CMS risk adjustment model file. Actual per-patient RAF contribution depends on member segment, interactions, and the model year used by the payer. V28 is the CMS-HCC model phased in over payment years 2024–2026; V24 remains in use during the transition and for historical data.

MEAT Criteria for D61.1

For D61.1to count as a valid HCC diagnosis in a given encounter, the provider's documentation must show MEAT: Monitor, Evaluate, Assess, or Treat. A diagnosis from a prior year does not carry forward automatically, it has to be re-documented and supported each calendar year.

MMonitor: signs, symptoms, disease progression, or lab trending documented in the note
EEvaluate: test results, medication response, or physical findings reviewed by the provider
AAssess: explicit mention in the assessment or plan with acknowledgment of status
TTreat: medication, referral, procedure, therapy, or counseling tied to the diagnosis

Only one of M/E/A/T is required to support the code, but the documentation must be specific enough to show that the provider actually addressed D61.1 during that encounter, not just copy-forwarded from a problem list.

What This Code Means

D61.1 is the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code for drug-induced aplastic anemia. A serious condition where medications or drugs cause the bone marrow to stop producing blood cells. D61.1 sits in the ICD-10-CM chapter for diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (d50-d89), within the section covering aplastic and other anemias and other bone marrow failure syndromes (d60-d64).

Under the older CMS-HCC V24 model, D61.1 maps to Severe Hematological Disorders (HCC 46) with a community, non-dual, aged base RAF weight of 0.666. V28 is the CMS-HCC risk adjustment model that reached 100% phase-in for payment year 2026, replacing V24 which was used during the PY2024–PY2025 transition.

Document the specific drug or medication causing the aplastic anemia; link the temporal relationship between drug exposure and symptom onset. Because D61.1 maps to a payment HCC, the provider's documentation must satisfy MEAT criteria (Monitor, Evaluate, Assess, or Treat) for the encounter to count toward the patient's Medicare Advantage risk adjustment score. When documentation is ambiguous, coders should issue a provider query rather than assume the highest-specificity variant.

HCC Buddy maintains structured V28 and V24 mapping, RAF weights, and MEAT documentation criteria for D61.1 sourced directly from the CMS-HCC risk adjustment model files and the CMS ICD-10-CM code set.

Coding Tips

•Document the specific drug or medication causing the aplastic anemia; link the temporal relationship between drug exposure and symptom onset
•Include the drug name in the medical record and consider using an additional code for the adverse effect if applicable

Clinical Significance

Drug-induced aplastic anemia is a severe and potentially fatal condition where medication exposure triggers destruction or suppression of hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in pancytopenia (low red cells, white cells, and platelets). Unlike drug-induced cytopenias affecting single cell lines, aplastic anemia represents failure of the entire bone marrow. High-risk medications include chloramphenicol, carbamazepine, phenytoin, sulfonamides, gold compounds, and certain chemotherapy agents. The mechanism may involve direct toxicity or idiosyncratic immune-mediated stem cell destruction.

Documentation Requirements

✓Document the specific causative drug by name with clear temporal relationship between drug exposure and aplastic anemia onset.
✓Record complete blood count showing pancytopenia and bone marrow biopsy demonstrating hypocellularity.
✓Include the severity classification (moderate, severe, or very severe aplastic anemia based on absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, and reticulocyte count).
✓Document treatment with drug discontinuation, immunosuppressive therapy, supportive transfusions, or stem cell transplant.
✓Use external cause codes (T36-T50) to identify the responsible drug.

Use Additional Code

code for adverse effect, if applicable, to identify drug (T36-T50 with fifth or sixth character 5)

Commonly Confused Codes

•D61.810 (Antineoplastic chemotherapy induced pancytopenia) is more specific when chemotherapy is the cause.
•D61.811 (Other drug-induced pancytopenia) addresses pancytopenia specifically rather than aplastic anemia.
•D61.2 (Aplastic anemia due to other external agents) covers non-drug causes like radiation or chemicals.
•D61.3 (Idiopathic aplastic anemia) is used when no cause is identified.
•D61.9 (Aplastic anemia, unspecified) does not identify the drug-induced etiology.